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Increasing agricultural productivity depends upon a combination of various factors. It refers to an efficient utilization and distribution of available resources, introducing new measures for long-term positive outcomes, understanding water usage, plant forms, soil, seeds and weather etc. Aiming for high productivity and good profit requires sound decisions after evaluating available options. Please find below some ways that may help to enhance the productivity of a farm and bring decent returns from the investments made.
Proper water management
Water wastage has always been a significant concern in agriculture. So, one of the most critical aspects of smart farm production is proper and adequate use of water resources. Sprinkler systems are easy to handle and are a good option to water large, flat areas of land that need a lot of water at once. However, these systems can lead to water wastage due to evaporation on hot and windy days, and thus they may not be a viable option in areas marked with water scarcity.
Drip irrigation can be a wise option that allows one to water a specific plant or garden area. It can provide moisture directly into the soil. Rather than randomly sprinkling water all over the land, this method will channel water precisely where it is needed, thereby saves water. It leads to less water runoffs and supplies an adequate amount of water to the plants. Also, since the method allows surrounding plant’s soil to remain dry, the growth of weeds become relatively low, and the likelihood of plant diseases would be minimal. Slow, ongoing and gradual release of water supports healthy plant growth.
However, drip irrigation may require time, effort and substantial investments. The equipment used in the process also need proper storage before being used in the next year. They also need adequate maintenance, failing to which may make them ineffective. With all the conveniences, some of the limitations also come along the way. Therefore, depending on the situations one may need to integrate both the processes to keep their landscape healthy, clean and green.
Plant crops more densely
One of the easiest ways to enhance the yields is to plant crops densely, i.e., more closely together. Keeping vegetables away from one another may leave large areas unused. However, when it comes to dense planting, it is essential to follow best practices, since planting densely may follow inadequate proportions that could block light exposure to plants and that would eventually lead to a low-quality yield.
Companion planting
Planting different varieties of plants side by side may have several positive outcomes. It enables resourceful utilization of available garden space and harvests more in less area. Diversification of plants attracts beneficial insects, which ultimately helps your garden to grow profitably. This method also helps soil to remain moist and prevents erosion. Companion planting adds to a garden's beauty and supports conclusive growth for all plants. For example, tall and sturdy plants can eliminate the need to build separate structures, and vertically growing plants can support low-growing, climbing crops.
Plant heat-tolerant varieties
The ongoing rise in temperature and gradual shortage in rainfall can have severe effects on the quality and quantity of yield. Therefore, it makes sense to grow heat-tolerant plants to increase crop yield and make proper use of time and effort put in the garden.
Take proper protective measures
According to FAO, nearly 40 percent of crop production is lost to pests globally every year and "plant diseases and invasive insects cost the global economy at least $220 billion and $70 billion respectively." (Source). With climate change getting worse, things are getting more challenging. Pests do not just bring noticeable damage to the plants; they can also have a negative impact on the overall ecosystem. By following proper procedure and using pesticides in exact quantity one can control the growth of harmful pests, prevent the ill effects of weeds and restrict plant diseases thereby producing safe and excellent quality food affordably.
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